Similarity between three glia progenitors During development, first generate common ancestors, then firstly astrocyte progenirots, following with OPC. That explains why their cellmorphology and migratory behaviors are strikingly similar. I…

One example We transcriptionally profiled a total of 18,545 mouse neocortical cells at two key times of corticogenesis using Drop-seq: 10,931 cells at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) from six biological replicates, and 7614 cells at birth (P0) …

Reference https://support.illumina.com/bulletins/2017/04/considerations-for-rna-seq-read-length-and-coverage-.html How many reads should I target per sample? Read depth varies depending on the goals of the RNA-Seq study. Most experiments r…

Super detailed video Hippocampus is a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe (so of course one part in cerebral cortex). It has a major role in learning and memory. Thalamus is a paired gray matter structure of the dience…

PCW and GW Defination of different chronology calibrations in human development PCW post conception week the eaiset notion GW Gestation week Basically two weeks more than PCW since ⬇ The unborn baby spends around 38 weeks in the womb, but …

Transformation 1, start with 5ul plasmid / product 2, mix it with 50ul bacteria (-80 freezer in cell culture room) (if start with finished plasmid, then 5ul aliquots should be fine) 3, Put the mixture on ice for 30 min 4, Heat shock mixtur…

Basically there are three methods for culture ware surface treatment btw, the majority of culture ware are polystyrene. Tissue-culture treated plates Polystyrene plastic must be subjected to a surface treatment to render the plastic suitab…

Time-series IS and RNA-seq for documenting NCO culture https://docs.google.com/document/d/14Sk8b28u3MEL_Hj_jAe6HiC1uofTVvPYWlzk4iri5fo/edit?usp=sharing Tracking single cortical progenitors with NOTCH2NLB overexpression https://docs.google.…

Near-infrared fluorescent reporters The electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm. Light sheet microscopy Custom-built No need to …

Humans and chimpanzees share a surprising 98.8% of their DNA, while humans and gorillas share more than 96% Bonobos and chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than either of them are to the other two species of great apes: oranguta…

Neuroglial cells or glial cells provide supporting functions to the nervous system. Early research viewed glial cells as the “glue” of the nervous system. However, scientists are now increasingly recognizing the pivotal role glial cells pl…

One perspective oRG are acutally astrocyte progenitors beacuse before the birth a lot of majority of astrocyte cells are expressing HOPX geens and share the gene signature to the oRGs. But kriegstein claims that, when astrocyte matures, th…

the mechanism oRG formed is, one vRG horizontally divide into two. One stay attach to the VZ but lost basal process, becoming into truncated radial glia. The other lost its apical process and transform into the oRG. So there is a discontin…

Human cerebral cortex expands between the late first trimester (GW10) (though suzuki sensei refers it as early as GW9) and the neonatal period (GW41), which lasting for 217 days briefly described as 7 months. Our brain progressive growth d…

In results section, please always write in this format. “to know something, I conducted something. The results were xxx. Thus, I concluded that yyy. Next remaining questions are zzz”

The Stages of Human Embryonic Development Translate neurodevelopmental time across mammaliam species

OMG i am gonna lost my job We sequenced cells from ten individuals during the first trimester of human development, spanning Carnegie stages (CS) 12 to 22, corresponding to gestational weeks 6–10. To differentiate between the radial glia a…

1 EMT is thought to be the mechanism oRG cells are formed by kriegstein. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells are two types of cells that show a transition between cell types during embryonic development. Epithelial cells belong to the epithel…

1, Marker (cool) ventricular zone−enriched RG (vRG) that express ANXA1 and CRYAB, and outer subventricular zone−localized RG (oRG) that express HOPX. Our study identified vRG and oRG markers and molecular profiles, an essential step for un…

live imaging two photon in organoids (with primates) besides lancaster paper but maybe FV3000 should be enough for that? membrane potential differenration process fesibility of measuring neuralepitheliam niche （our strong point） Symetric…

生物物理，可以帮忙测力的 Kaoru Sugimura 杉村 薫 By combining mechanical and genetic perturbations along with live imaging and Bayesian force-inference, we are addressing physical principles underlying regulation of epithelial morphogenesis…

2004 Tamily A.Weissman1Patricio A.Riquelme1LidijaIvic2Alexander C.Flint2 Arnold R.Kriegstein123 www.sciencedirect.com We demonstrate here that calcium waves propagate through radial glial cells in the proliferative cortical ventricular zon…

New born neuron marker: Firstly Neurog2 and Tuj1, then NeuroD1 and Tbr2 (Tbr2 is frequently used as new born neuron marker in rodents), then NeuroD2 and Tbr1 (deep layer marker). The cascade from Hes1 (repress Ascl1 and Neurog1/2. Therefor…

Cell fate transition with the marker. Also shows the transition around GW14-16 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaz2978 Neurogenesis processes differ in different areas of the cortex in many species, including humans. Here, we pe…